PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.